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几种高性能材料的力学、光学性能和结构的计算模拟
其他题名Computational simulations of mechanical, optical and structural properties of several highly-performed materials
罗艳芬
学位类型硕士
导师隋曼龄
2008-04-21
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料物理与化学
关键词分子动力学 孪晶 位错 非晶转变 像模拟 第一原理 光催化 阴离子掺杂
摘要随着计算机技术的日益发展和推广普及,计算机模拟技术已经成为一种重要的研究手段,且具有实验研究技术不可替代的优势。本论文主要在原子和电子层次上对材料的性质进行模拟计算,主要研究成果包括: 一 Cu的共格孪晶界的本征强化 用分子动力学方法研究了孪晶密度对Cu的强度和韧性的影响。构造了两个简单的Cu孪晶片层,通过改变它们的厚度来改变孪晶的密度,模拟得到不同孪晶密度模型的应力-应变曲线。结果表明:Cu的孪晶密度越大,其理想拉伸强度和延伸率越大,而且具有高密度孪晶结构的Cu的强度可以高于完整晶体的理想强度。计算了形变过程中的应力分布,发现应力集中及其导致的位错形核主要发生在晶体内部,而不是在孪晶界或其近邻,因此,高密度孪晶界的存在不仅抑制了早期的位错形核,同时还对晶体内部产生的沿Schmid因子较大的滑移面运动到孪晶界的位错具有阻碍作用,从而导致了高密度孪晶结构Cu具有比完整晶体高的强度。 二 B, C, N, S掺杂的SrTiO3能带结构研究 在实验上制备了B掺杂的SrTiO3半导体光催化剂,该样品具有良好的可见光吸收和可见光下的降解性能。基于密度泛函理论,应用平面波赝势方法,研究了B在不同的掺杂位置对SrTiO3电子结构的修饰。计算结果表明B取代O的位置时在带隙中导带底的位置处形成了B 2p能级,掺杂能级的出现使得激发价带电子到导带所需的能量减少,从而引进了可见光的吸收;应用第一原理计算了C,N,S掺杂SrTiO3基体的能带结构和态密度,分析了杂质能级位置对SrTiO3光吸收以及光催化效果的影响,认为当杂质能级位于价带顶或导带底的位置时能使SrTiO3吸收边向长波长方向移动,形成可见光的吸收,而带隙中深能级的出现则会成为电子和空穴的猝灭中心,不利于光催化活性的提高。 三 CuNi合金快速凝固过程中原子团簇演变的分子动力学模拟 模拟研究了二元金属合金Cu80Ni20的非晶转变和晶化过程。结果表明,当冷却速率较高时,该合金的径向分布函数曲线呈现明显的非晶态特征,通过对分析技术表明原子结构主要是由正二十面体结构和部分缺陷的二十面体结构组成;随着冷却速率的降低,其径向分布函数具有明显的晶体的尖锐分裂峰的特征,对分析技术代表非晶结构的团簇不断减少,而代表晶体的团簇的数目却越来越多。对冷却得到的原子模型进行像模拟,发现冷却速率较大时,其衍射具有明显的非晶衍射环的特征,冷却速率比较小时,衍射图像呈现晶体衍射斑点的特征。
其他摘要Along with the development of scientific calculation, computer simulation has become an important scientific research technique, computer simulation had many advantages. In this work, the mechanical, optical and structural properties of materials are discussed using computer simulation method at the atomistic and electronic level. The main results are as follows: 1. Intrinsic strengthening of coherent twin boundaries in copper The effect of twin densities on the strength and ductility of Cu is investigated by molecular dynamic (MD) method. By adjusting the layer thickness of the bicrystals constructed in the model, the densities of twin boundaries can be changed. The stress-strain curve shows that the strength and ductility of Cu are enhanced as the twin densities increase. Moreover, the models with large amount of twin boundaries structure possess higher strength compared to that of perfect crystal. Analysis on stress distribution in deformation process demonstrates that stress concentration and consequent dislocation nucleation are apt to form interior of the crystal rather than areas adjacent to twin boundaries. Therefore, the existence of high density of twin boundaries can not only depress the dislocation nucleation, but also be obstacles to the motion of dislocation gliding along the planes with high Schmid factor. 2. Band structure investigation of B, C, N, S-doped SrTiO3 A semiconductor photocatalyst SrTiO3 sample with visible-light absorption and visible-light photodegradation was synthesized after B doping by means of ball-milling. Plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on density function theory investigates the electronic modification of B-SrTiO3 with B situating three different doped sites. In the model of B substituting O, B 2p states are located at the band gap below the conduction band. The presence of band gap states reduces the energy needed for exciting the valence band electrons to the conduction band then brings the visible-light absorption of SrTiO3; in addition, the band structures and densities of states of C, N, S-doped SrTiO3 are computed by first-principles simulation. It is suggested that the impurity states locating at the top of the valence band or at the bottom of the conduction band can redshift the absorption edge of SrTiO3 and bring the visible-light absorption, on the other hand, the deep level at band gap has negative effect on photocatalytic ability due to the formation of the recombination center. 3. MD simulation of atomic clusters evolution of CuNi alloy under rapid solidification The MD simulations have been performed to study the atomic cluster evolution during various cooling process of Cu80Ni20 alloy with embedding-atom-method (EAM) to describe atomic interactions. Under high cooling rates, the radial distribution function (RDF) shows the typical characteristics of amorphous state. In contrast, the RDF exhibit typical traits of crystalline state for models solidified under lower cooling rates. The basic structure units of the Cu80Ni20 alloys are investigated. The results indicate that the system quenching at high rates can be considered as a network made up of the icosahedra and defect icosahedra and their diffraction graphs at room temperature exhibit amorphous rings, on the other hand, the basic units of systems quenching at low rates are dominated by clusters characteristic of crystalline state and their diffraction graphs show the diffraction spots which are the typical characteristic of crystal.
页数94
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/16967
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
罗艳芬. 几种高性能材料的力学、光学性能和结构的计算模拟[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2008.
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