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熔体热处理及恢复热处理对K465合金组织及持久性能的影响
其他题名Effect of melt heat treatment and recovery heat treatment on microstructure and creep rupture property of K465 alloy
王琳宁
学位类型博士
导师孙晓峰
2009-02-12
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料学
关键词镍基高温合金 熔体结构 凝固过程 熔体热处理 恢复热处理
摘要本论文主要研究了熔体热处理温度对K465镍基铸造高温合金的熔体结构、近平衡凝固过程中的结构演变和慢速冷却条件下的凝固过程与凝固组织的影响;探讨了常规熔炼条件下,熔体热处理工艺及合金中的氧、氮含量对K465合金铸件组织及持久性能的作用规律;分析了恢复热处理对经过不同时间预蠕变的K465试棒的组织及持久性能的恢复效果。 K465合金熔体在由1360℃至1550℃的升温过程中出现两次结构不连续转变,分别生成了原子排布类似于M6C碳化物(111)衍射面及r'相(100)衍射面的有序结构。 熔体结构的改变,影响合金的凝固过程及凝固组织。在近平衡凝固条件下,随着熔体热处理温度由1360℃提高至1450℃,合金形核方式由“稳定模式”变为“跳跃模式”;当熔体热处理温度到达1550℃,合金液/固转变温度大幅降低。在慢速冷却条件下,提高熔体热处理温度可以提高基体r相析出温度,降低MC碳化物析出温度,同时改变碳化物及其周围枝晶干形态。 常规熔炼条件下,熔体热处理工艺对K465合金组织及持久性能的影响与合金中氧、氮总含量即气体含量密切相关。对MC碳化物而言,熔体热处理温度的提高及气体含量的增加都可增加碳化物由骨架状形态向颗粒状形态转化的趋势。但气体含量对碳化物形态的影响远大于熔体热处理温度。在1550℃熔体热处理条件下,气体含量由18ppm增加至40ppm可使碳化物形态由典型骨架状转化为典型颗粒状;但在气体含量低于18ppm条件下,即使提高熔体热处理温度至1900℃,合金中MC碳化物的形态依然为骨架状。 熔体热处理温度的升高可增大晶粒尺寸及二次枝晶间距,但气体含量的升高却起到相反作用。因此,合金晶粒尺寸及二次枝晶间距的大小取决于哪一种影响因素占主导地位。当气体含量低于18ppm时,合金晶粒尺寸及二次枝晶间距随着熔体热处理温度的升高而增大;当合金中气体含量高于18ppm时,合金晶粒尺寸随着熔体热处理温度的升高先减小后增加,而二次枝晶间距则随熔体热处理温度的升高而减小。 恢复热处理可以有效的恢复K465合金预蠕变过程中变形的枝晶干r'相及基体通道内形成的位错网,但是其恢复效果随着预蠕变时间的延长而减弱。恢复热处理过程合金中MC碳化物向M6C碳化物的转化继续进行。恢复热处理虽然可以在一定程度上恢复合金的持久性能,但并不能使其恢复至与标准热处理态样品相当水平,尤其在稳态蠕变阶段后期进行的恢复热处理可能导致合金持久塑性大幅下降。
其他摘要In the present study, the effects of melt heat treatment (MHT) on melt structure, the structure evolution in the near equilibrium solidification process, the solidification process at low cooling rate and the corresponding solidified microstructure were investigated; the microstructure and creep property were analyzed in K465 alloy with different MHT temperatures and total content of oxygen and nitrogen (gas content); and the rejuvenation effects of recovery heat treatment (RHT) on microstructure and creep property of K465 alloy with different pre-creep time were also considered. With temperature increasing from 1360℃ to 1550℃, there are two discontinous structural transitions occurred in K465 melt, and structural orders which atoms packing similar with (111) crystal plane of M6C and (100) crystal plane of r'-phase, respectively, are observed to formation in these liquid structural transitions. Both the solidification process and solidified structure are affected by evolution of melt structure. Under near equilibrium solidification condition, the nucleation mode of K465 alloy transform from the “stabilization mode” to the “saltation mode” with increasing MHT temperature from 1360℃ to 1450℃, and the solidus decreases a lot in sample with a 1550℃ MHT. At a low cooling rate, rising up of MHT temperature increases r-matrix precipitation temperature, decreases MC carbide precipitation temperature, affects the morphologies of both the MC carbide and the dendrite arms around the MC carbide colonies. When K465 alloy was remelted in industrial vacuum induction furnace, the effects of MHT on the microstructure and creep property are related with gas content. Increase of either gas content or MHT temperature tends MC carbide morphology to transform from script-type to block-type, and gas content do more contribution on MC carbide morphology variation than MHT temperature. In samples with a 1550℃ MHT, the morphology of MC carbide transforms from script-type to block-type with gas content increasing from 18ppm to 40ppm; while the MC carbide morphology keeps to be script-type with rising MHT temperature up to 1900℃ in samples which gas content are less than 18ppm. The grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing enlarge with MHT temperature rising, but reduce with gas content increasing. Therefore, the grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing are decided by which of MHT temperature and gas content is dominator. When gas content is less than 18ppm, the grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing increase with MHT temperature; when gas content is more than 18ppm, the grain size reduces firstly and increases later, while the secondary dendrite arm spacing decreases with MHT temperature rising. The degenerated r'-phase in dendrite arms and dislocation net-work in r-channel, which formed in pre-creep process, can be rejuvenated effectively by recovery heat treatment (RHT). But the effects of RHT on r'-phase and dislocation configuration decrease with extension of pre-creep time. Moreover, the transformation from MC carbide to M6C carbide continues in RHT process. Although the RHT can somewhat recovery the creep property of K465 alloy, but it can not rejuvenate the creep property to the level similar to that of alloy with standard heat treatment. Moreover, the RHT carried out at the end of secondary creep stage reduces the creep plasticity dramatically.
页数120
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/17114
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
王琳宁. 熔体热处理及恢复热处理对K465合金组织及持久性能的影响[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2009.
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