IMR OpenIR
位错及界面对减振合金内耗的影响机制
其他题名The Mechanism of Dislocation and Interface on the Internal Friction of Damping Alloys
刘树伟
学位类型博士
导师戎利建
2009-05-27
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料加工工程
关键词Peierls力 位错 界面 内耗 阻尼
摘要随着近代各种机械的功率、速度不断增加,振动以及产生的噪声已成为急待解决的环境问题。减振合金作为结构功能一体化材料,能够显著地抑制振动和噪声的产生,因而受到人们的广泛关注。本文以多种减振合金为研究对象,主要研究了位错在不同纯金属中对于内耗贡献不同的原因,分析了位错在临界应变条件下的内耗行为,不同强化方法对于位错阻尼的影响以及复相界面、物理界面等不同界面对减振合金内耗的影响机制。 利用Peierls-Nabarro模型分析了刃型全位错在六种不同晶体结构纯金属(Al、Cu、Ni、Nb、Mg、Ti)中对内耗的贡献,并与实验结果相对比。研究发现:位错在不同纯金属中对内耗的贡献能力取决于位错运动过程中所克服的Peierls力,Peierls力越大,位错对内耗贡献能力就越小。 以铸态Mg-Zr合金为研究对象,研究了位错在临界应变振幅条件下的内耗行为。研究发现,在临界应变振幅下位错的往复“弓出”运动易形成新的位错,产生塑性变形,在铸态Mg-Zr合金温度内耗谱中产生P1(93.5℃,1Hz)内耗峰。该内耗峰与应变振幅以及升温速率有关,同时伴随储能模量软化现象。铸态Mg-Zr合金中的P2(236.5℃,1Hz)内耗峰呈现热弹性弛豫特征,经证明为晶界弛豫内耗峰。 以铸态AZ91合金为对象,通过调整热处理制度,研究不同固溶强化以及沉淀析出对位错内耗的影响。研究表明:固溶强化AZ91合金由于缺少析出相对位错的钉扎作用,具有较高的与振幅相关内耗;而析出强化的AZ91合金因存在α-Mg/β-Mg17Al12界面弛豫以及晶界弛豫行为,在高温时具有较高的阻尼性能。 以铸态Zn-Al合金为对象,通过调整热处理制度以及添加微量Zr和Si元素,研究了复相界面对合金阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,由于合金内原子扩散,长期自然时效导致合金中树枝晶粗化,降低阻尼性能。随着淬火后时效温度升高,合金中片层状组织增加并粗化,降低界面数量,合金阻尼性能降低。微量Zr和Si的添加细化晶粒,同时形成初生Si相/基体界面,提高了合金的阻尼性能。Si相与基体因热错配引入的位错通过原子扩散而消失,对合金阻尼性能的影响有限。 通过向多孔Ti-Ni合金中注入Al-12%Si合金制备出一种新型高强高阻尼TiNi/AlSi复合材料。由于在多孔NiT合金的孔隙中注入了AlSi合金,增加了合金中的有效承载面积,该复合材料室温下的压缩强度由原多孔Ti-Ni合金的90MPa提高到360MPa。其阻尼性能主要来源于Ti-Ni基体,Al-Si合金以及TiNi/AlSi界面。对TiNi/AlSi物理界面的阻尼行为进行详细分析表明:TiNi/AlSi物理界面阻尼与界面的摩擦系数μ,多孔Ti-Ni合金的孔隙率p成正比,同时也与界面的密合程度k有关。
其他摘要Vibration and related noise have become an emergent environmental problem with the increased of power and speed of advanced machines. However, damping alloy as an integrated material with special structure and function, can remarkable inhibits the vibration and noise. In this dissertation, several damping alloys have been chosen to investigate the contribution of dislocation to the internal friction in different pure metals. In addition, the damping behaviors induced by dislocation under critical strain amplitude, the influences of different strengthening methods on the dislocation damping and the effects of different kind of interfaces on the internal friction have also been studied. The contribution of edge perfect dislocations to the internal friction in six pure metals (Al, Cu, Ni, Nb, Mg, Ti) with different crystal structures has been analysis by employing Peierls-Nabarro model associated with experiments. It was found that the contribution of dislocation to the internal friction in pure metals was dependent on the Peierls force, which was overcame during dislocation moving. The higher Peierls force is, the little contribution of dislocation to the internal friction. The damping behaviors of dislocation under critical strain amplitude have been studied in as-cast Mg-Zr alloy. It was found that new dislocations would be easily generated during dislocation oscillated motion, and a relevant IF peak P1 (93.5℃, 1Hz) was also presented in the internal friction spectrum. The P1 peak is strain amplitude and heating rate dependent. Corresponding to the appearance of P1 peak, the storage modulus shows an obvious “trough”. In addition, the existence of P2 (236.5℃, 1Hz) peak was a thermal relaxation peak and considered to be grain boundary relaxation peak of as-cast Mg-Zr alloy. The effects of different strengthening methods on the dislocation induced internal friction have been investigated in as-cast AZ91 alloy by employing different heat treatments. It was shown that in solution treated AZ91 alloy proceeds the highest strain dependent internal friction as no precipitation will pinning the motion of dislocation. However, the alloy after precipitation strengthened had higher damping capacity at high temperature as α-Mg/β-Mg17Al12 interface relaxation and grain boundary relaxation were exited. The influences of complex phase boundaries on the damping properties of alloy had been studied in Zn-Al eutectoid alloy after different heat treatment and minor addition of (Zr + Si) elements. The results indicated that the dendrites were coarsening during natural aging, and damping property is decreased. Damping capacity will decrease with the rise of aging temperature as the lamellar structure will coarsen and its volume is increased. In addition, the damping capacity of as-cast Zn-Al eutectoid alloy could be significantly improved by the addition of minor (Zr+Si) elements, which induced microstructure refinement and increase of interface volume. The dislocations induced by thermal mismatch between Si phase and matrix have little influence on the damping property of alloy, as the diffusion of atoms make dislocations decrease gradually. A novel TiNi/AlSi composite with high compressive strength and high damping capacity was obtained by infiltrating Al-12%Si alloy into porous Ti-Ni alloy. It was found that the compressive strength of porous Ti-Ni alloy can be increased from 90MPa to 364MPa as the effective carrying area is increased. The high damping capacity of TiNi/AlSi composite is contributed by Ti-Ni carcass, Al-12%Si filling material and TiNi/AlSi physical interface. The results show that the damping capacity of TiNi/AlSi physical interface is proportionality to the friction coefficient of interface (μ), the porosity of porous Ti-Ni alloy (p), and also related to the degree of interface closing (k).
页数139
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/17233
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
刘树伟. 位错及界面对减振合金内耗的影响机制[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2009.
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