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堆焊层/母材界面的组织结构、氢行为及氢致开裂机理研究
孟庆海
学位类型博士
导师柯伟
1998
学位授予单位中国科学院金属腐蚀与防护研究所
学位授予地点中国科学院金属腐蚀与防护研究所
关键词微观组织 氢行为 氢致开裂机理 堆焊层/母材界面
摘要堆焊层剥离及近堆焊层/母材界面处的表面裂纹扩展行为是关系到临氢反应器安全运行的关键问题总之。为了评价其进入母材的可能性,本文进行了以下研究工作:利用金相、电子探针等分析技术,研究弄清了堆焊结构界面区附近的微观组织结构、化学成分及显微硬度分布规律,讨论了界面区附近的成迁移、板条马氏体及合金碳化物的形成程。利用高压釜充氢-离子探针微区测氢技术,首次定量测定商温商压充氢及消氢处理后氢沿母材(21/4Cr-1Mo)、不锈钢堆焊层(H309C+H347)及界面区附近分布曲线。实验结果表明,界面处的氢分布与微观组织结构相对应。试样经高压釜充氢并冷却至室温,界面区存在氢浓度富集峰,邻近界面区的母材和堆焊层两侧各存在一个氢浓度低谷。随消氢气处时间的增加,蚧南处的氢峰值下降,堆焊层侧的氢气浓度低谷逐渐消失。母材侧的氢浓度低谷迅速消。讨论了界面区微观组织结构与氢富集扩散之间的关系,并提出了合金碳化物群带与残余应力联合氢富集的模型及消氢过程中界面区附近氢输运机制。通过氢致剥离缺陷试块的超声波检测实验,结合剖试样的金相分析,提出了一种新的剥离缺陷定量方法--底波和缺陷波同高法。根据堆焊结构的微观组织特点,讨论了影响堆焊层肃离超声波检测的因素。通过对氢剥离缺陷扩展过程的跟踪检测,研究剥离缺陷扩展棕程度的动力学特点及环境条件对剥离敏感性的影响。并讨论了影响剥离孕育期的原因。用高压釜再现剥离过程实验,研究了微观组织结构、氢富集与开裂行为之间的关系。实验结果表明,离过程是多点源沿晶开裂的过程,剥离裂纹的形核、扩展与界面区附近的显微组织密切相关,按扩展径共有四种类型;剥离裂纹不会扩展进入母材。利用氢压理论,计算了产生剥离的临界氢浓度。利用拉伸实验,研究了堆焊层剥离裂纹及表面裂纹有扩展过程。采用离子探针微区分析法,首次测定了受条件下堆焊结构界面区近的缺口顶端氢分布曲线,并从理论上预测出裂纹的发展趋势。慢拉伸和微区氢结果表明,剥离裂纹和堆焊层表面裂开纹不会扩展进入母材。根据微区侧氢结果,提出了合金碳化群体陷阱-应力梯度-位错梯度联合致氢富集的新模型。根据以上的实验分析结果,本文首次从理论与验上证实:堆焊层剥离及堆廛层表面裂纹不会扩展进入母材。
其他摘要The propagation behavior of disbonding and surface crack near the interface between overlay and base metal is one of the most important problems occurring in service pressure vessels. In order to evaluate the possibility of disbonding and surface crack penetrating into the base metal, the following research work has been carried out. The microstructure, distribution of chemical elements and hardness have been studied using metallograph and EMPA. The diffusion of elements, formation of plate-like martensite and carbide are discussed. The hydrogen distribution curves along cross-section were obtained using SIMS with high pressure hydrogen charging overlaid specimen for the first time. The experimental result showed that the hydrogen distribution in the interface corresponded to its microstructure. Measurement of hydrogen distribution indicated that there were a peak of hydrogen accumulation at the interface and two hydrogen valleys near the interface, one valley at the overlay side and the other at the base metal side. During discharging, the peak of hydrogen accumulation at the interface decreased, the valley at the overlay side vanished slowly and the valley at the base metal side vanished quickly. The relationship between the microstructure and diffusion accumulation of hydrogen were discussed. A new model of hydrogen diffusion accumulation that the peak and valleys of hydrogen are caused by the cooperation of Cr_(23)C_6 trapping clusters and residual stress is proposed, and the mechanism of hydrogen transportation during discharging is suggested. A new quantitative method of disbonding defect was presented using ultrasonic test of specimen with hydrogen induced disbonding. According to the characteristic of the microstructure, the factors which affected the UT were discussed. The dynamic characteristic of disbonding propagation and environment factors which affected the sensitivity of disbonding were studied by monitoring the course of disbonding, the factors which affected the incubation period were discussed. The relationships among the microstructure, the hydrogen diffusion accumulation and hydrogen induced cracking behavior of the interface were investigated. The experimental results show: the course of disbonding was a multiple points cracking; the paths where hydrogen disbonding cracks nucleated and propagated were classified into four types; the disbonding cracks would not penetrate into the base metal. According to the theory of molecular hydrogen pressure, the critical hydrogen content was calculated. The propagating course of disbonding and surface crack was studied by constant strain rate test. The distribution of hydrogen concentration near notch tip of weld overlay interface zone under mode I loading has been studied using SIMS for the first time, and the trend of the crack propagation is predicated in theory. The experimental results of microzone hydrogen analysis and constant strain rate test showed that the disbonding and surface crack wouldn't penetrate the base metal. According to the results of microzone hydrogen analysis, a new model of hydrogen diffusion accumulation that the hydrogen peak is caused by the cooperation of Cr_(23)C_6 trapping clusters, stress distribution and dislocation configuration is proposed. On the basis of the experimential results, the author proves in theory and in experiment that the disbonding and surface crack wouldn't penetrate the base metal.
页数101
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/17646
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
孟庆海. 堆焊层/母材界面的组织结构、氢行为及氢致开裂机理研究[D]. 中国科学院金属腐蚀与防护研究所. 中国科学院金属腐蚀与防护研究所,1998.
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