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a-Ti中位错运动及相互作用的分子动力学模拟
杜春城
学位类型硕士
导师徐东生
2012
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点北京
学位专业材料物理与化学
关键词Α-ti 位错 位错偶 分子动力学模拟 位错相互作用 Dislocation Α-ti Dipole Md Simulation Interaction
摘要新材料的发展要求对材料的变形机理有准确深入的理解。计算机模拟可以再现一些实验中难以或无法观测到的过程,能够加深对微观机制的理解,并且具有高效便捷等优点,有助于新材料的设计。金属的塑性一直是人们最为关心的力学性能之一。塑性变形主要通过位错的运动和形变孪晶的形核长大机制来实现。α相是高温钛合金的重要组成部分,它的主要特点是高温性能好,使役条件下结构稳定,其位错行为与合金的高温性能如蠕变,疲劳,断裂等有密切关系。因此对α-Ti中位错行为的研究有助于改善合金的性能,尤其是塑性变形等力学行为。本文借助分子动力学模拟研究α-Ti中型位错运动及其相互作用规律,包括对基面和柱面上位错滑移的临界剪切应力的计算,同一滑移系中位错相互作用以及不同滑移系位错之间的交割等。 Burgers矢量为1/3<11-20>的型位错是α-Ti中最为常见的一类位错,在合金的塑性变形中起主要的作用。本文构建并模拟了不同滑移面的刃位错和螺位错行为,并与理想晶体的剪切行为进行比较,发现位错的存在大大降低晶体的屈服强度,使含位错晶体的强度可远低于一般实验上测得的材料的临界剪切应力值。对螺位错的模拟表明,其位错芯存在两种分解方式:基面分解和三维分解,基面分解的螺位错的易滑移面为基面,三维分解的螺位错易滑移面为柱面,进一步模拟表明在应力作用下这两种分解状态可以相互转化。对α-Ti中不同滑移系位错的临界剪切应力的计算得到柱面上刃位错的临界切应力为20MPa,螺位错的临界切应力为70MPa。对同一滑移系中不同高度的刃型位错偶的应力应变行为研究表明,一般情况下位错偶的拆分应力与位错偶的高度成反比,通过分子动力学计算结果与弹性理论结果进行对比,发现对于较高的位错偶,MD的模拟结果和弹性理论曲线符合的很好,但极低的位错偶由于芯重构,其拆分应力升高。不同温度下剪切模拟表明,刃型位错偶的拆分应力受温度的影响不大。基面和柱面滑移系刃位错之间的交割模拟得到具有螺位错特征的扭折,其形成对入射位错运动产生阻碍,其运动可带动未受剪切应力位错的运动,使不同滑移系位错之间的运动产生一定程度的耦合,对加工硬化具有一定贡献。 关键词:α-Ti,位错,位错偶,分子动力学模拟,位错相互作用,堆垛层错,CRSS 
其他摘要The development of new materials requires penetrating insight into their deformation mechanisms. Material computation makes contributions to such understandings, especially for the processes that are hardly reachable experimentally, what's more, it exhibits a combination of high efficiency and convenience. Plasticity is one of the most important mechanical behaviors of metals. Plastic deformation is mainly carried by dislocation motion and deformation twinning. The α-phase is the major part of most high-temperature titanium alloys, and it has important contributions to the good high temperature performance. The dislocation mobility and their interactions have a great impact on the strength, creep, fatigue and fracture. Thus, the investigation of the dislocation behavior in α-Ti may help the improvement of the properties of titanium alloys. In this thesis, -type dislocations of different characters and on different slip planes were constructed and MD simulations carried out to investigate their movement and the interactions between them. The -type dislocations with Burgers vector of 1/3[11-20] are the most commonly observed in α-Ti, and their movements and interactions with other dislocations play a very important role in plastic deformation. The simulations of the stress strain behavior of the edge and screw dislocations on different slip systems show that, the existence of dislocations can greatly bring down the yield strength of the crystal. The simulation of screw dislocations shows that there are two types of core dissociation, the basal and prismatic, which favors the basal and the prismatic slip respectively. A further simulation shows that they can transform to each other under certain stress condition. The CRSS for the dislocation motion on the basal and prismatic planes are calculated. The investigation of the stress strain behavior of edge dipoles with different heights shows that the breaking stress of a dipole is strongly dependent on the dipole height, the breaking stress goes down as dipole height increased. The MD calculation results were compared with the curves derived from the elastic theory and a good agreement is found for large height dipole. The simulation of shearing under different temperatures shows that, temperature do not affect strongly the breaking stress of edge dipoles. Simulation of intersection of edge dislocations on the basal and prismatic plane show that, kinks that bear a screw property can be formed. The kink formation can be an obstacle to moving dislocations and can make contributions to strain hardening. Key words: dislocation, α-Ti, dipole, MD simulation, interaction, stacking fault, CRSS 
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/64517
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
杜春城. a-Ti中位错运动及相互作用的分子动力学模拟[D]. 北京. 中国科学院金属研究所,2012.
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