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多壁碳纳米管及其复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的应用
其他题名Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its composite for the application of Lithium ion battery
张绪刚
学位类型硕士
导师王作明
2008-05-31
学位授予单位中国科学院金属研究所
学位授予地点金属研究所
学位专业材料学
关键词锂离子电池 多壁碳纳米管 二氧化锡 复合导电添加剂 负极材料
摘要多壁碳纳米管结构独特,其中空管及管间的空隙均为纳米尺寸,具有比较优良的嵌锂特性。同时碳纳米管的长径比大、导电性和弹性优良,可考虑作为负极材料的增强材料和导电添加剂,以提高电极材料电化学性能。 首先研究了纯多壁碳纳米管的电化学储锂性能。结果表明,未经石墨化的碳纳米管具有超过石墨理论值的首次放电(储锂)容量523.5mAh/g,但首次充电(脱锂)容量却只有248.3mAh/g,首次效率仅为47.4%;而且充放电曲线上没有出现电压平台。多壁碳纳米管经过2800℃石墨化后,充放电曲线上出现了电压平台,循环性能有所改善,但首次充放电容量和效率并没有提高。因此未经处理的多壁碳纳米管并不适合单独作为锂离子电池负极材料使用。 探索了多壁碳纳米管与非碳体系负极材料复合的电化学性能。采用二月桂酸二丁基锡(C32H64O4Sn)为原料,制备了多壁碳纳米管/SnO2复合新型负极材料,并研究了热处理温度对复合材料成分及电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明, 经450℃热处理获得的复合材料具有较优的容量和循环性能搭配。得到多壁碳纳米管/SnO2复合材料容量高于纯石墨负极材料,而循环性优于金属锡负极材料。 创造性地提出一种固相分散碳纳米管的新思路,采用导电炭黑作为固体分散剂,通过湿法球磨工艺,成功制备了短切碳管与炭黑均匀分散混合的新型复合导电剂并优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明,在球状天然石墨负极材料中添加5%的新型复合导电剂后,与传统的炭黑导电剂相比,首次容量及效率获得提高,并明显改善了循环性能,20次循环容量保持率达到了81.8%,远高于炭黑作为导电添加剂的58.3%。通过电传导距离以及空间几何条件的分析,建立了石墨球、碳纳米管、导电炭黑协调匹配形成多维弹性导电网络的模型,并用以解释了复合导电剂的上述改性作用。
其他摘要Because of their nanometer-scale diameter, large aspect ratio, good electrical conductivity, and superior elasticity, multi-walled carbon nonotubes (MWCNTs) can be ideal reinforcement and conductive additive of the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. In this dissertation, we studied the electrochemical lithium storage performance of MWCNTs. As a result, MWCNTs showed a high first discharge capacity of 523.5mAh/g, and a low charge capacity of 248.3mAh/g. The first coulomb efficiency was as low as 47.4%. There is no plateau observed in the potential-time curve. The graphitized MWCNTs showed a plateaus and an improved cycling ability, while their first capacity and coulomb efficiency were not improved. Therefore, MWCNTs, graphitized or not, are not suitable to be used as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries. MWCNTs/SnO2 composite anode material was prepared, and the effect of heat treatment temperature on their electrochemical properties was studied. The results showed that the materials heat treated at 450℃ displayed optimized performance: a capacity higher than graphite anode, and a cyclic performance superior to tin. A new approach was proposed for the dispersion of MWCNTs. By using a wet ball-milling method, a conductive additive composed of well-dispersed cut MWCNTs and carbon black particles was prepared in sphere natural graphite. It was shown that when 5% conductive additive was added into natural graphite, their first discharge capacity and coulomb efficiency were improved, as well as the performance. After 20 cycles, 81.8% of the capacity was remained, compared to 58.3% of those using carbon black as additive. Through analyzing the electrical conducting distance and the geometry shapes of MWCNT, carbon black and sphere graphite, a model was proposed to explain the function of the composite conductive additives.
页数66
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.imr.ac.cn/handle/321006/16885
专题中国科学院金属研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
张绪刚. 多壁碳纳米管及其复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的应用[D]. 金属研究所. 中国科学院金属研究所,2008.
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